Īfter some days, Alexander decided on crossing via the headlands which were forested and provided cover for transit the base camp with cavalry and infantry was left under Craterus and Alexander accompanied the striking force. The exact strength of the armies might be never known, due to major discrepancies in sources. Small scale intrusion-attempts were frequently mounted and even before the battle had started, there were skirmishes in river-islands with Porus' army who maintained guard. Battle of the HydaspesĪ painting by Charles Le Brun depicting Alexander and Porus during the Battle of the HydaspesĪlexander dismantled and reused the same vessels which were used for crossing the Sind, some 300 km away. Thus began the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC the exact site remains unknown. Despite being attracted to the exoticism of Taxila and Brahminic practices, he had to migrate for the bank of Jhelum, on the other bank of which, Porus had set up his main line of defense. This led Alexander to seek for a face-off with Porus. But while Abisares offered a token submission, Porus refused. Omphis had hoped to force both Porus and Abisares into submission leveraging the might of Alexander's forces and diplomatic missions were mounted. Omphis had sent emissaries to Alexander long-back and was considered a friendly - in return, his rule was confirmed but under a Macedonian satrap and gifts were lavished. in Udabhandapura, he was greeted by the-then ruler of Taxila, Omphis/Ambhi, son of Ambhiraj. When the armies of Alexander crossed Indus in its eastward migration, prob. He (alongside one Abisares) had a hostile relationship with the Kingdom of Taxila which was ruled by his extended family Porus is noted to have had assassinated Ambhiraj, his maternal uncle and the erstwhile ruler of Taxila. Porus used to rule over the tracts between rivers Hydaspes (Jhelum) and Acesines (Chenab) Strabo had held the territory to contain almost 300 cities. However, there is little evidence in support: Parishishtaparvan assigns him the territory of Himavatkuta while Greek sources have Porus rule in the present-day Punjab region, and Mudrarakshasa attributes his death to poisoning planned by Chanakya while Greek sources state that Porus was killed by Eudemus (or Alexander, himself). Seth had identified Porus with Parvataka, a king mentioned in the Sanskrit play Mudrarakshasa, the Jain text Parishishtaparvan, and some other sources including royal genealogies of Nepal. Modern scholars increasingly equate "Herakles" to Indra but even this identification is not widely accepted. However, the identification with "Hari-Krishna" is not well-settled there is no evidence of Shri Krishna as early as 4th century BC. That Quintus Curtius Rufus mentions Porus' vanguard soldiers to have carried a banner of "Heracles" during the face-off with Alexander, Ishwari Prasad argues Porus to be a Shurasena. The Greeks often chronicled foreign gods in terms of their own divinities thus multiple scholars have understood "Herakles" to mean "Hari-Krishna". Multiple histories - Indica by Arrian, Geographica by Strabo, and Bibliotheca historica by Diodorus Siculus - mention Megasthenes to have described an Indian tribe called Sourasenoi: they worshiped one "Herakles" and originated from a land having the city of Mathura and the river of Yamuna. Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri had largely agreed with this identification.
Michael Witzel conjectures Porus to have been a king of the Pūrus, who existed as a marginal power in Punjab since their defeat in the Battle of the Ten Kings notwithstanding (probable) political realignment with the Bharatas.
These Greek sources differ considerably among themselves. The only contemporary information available on Porus and his kingdom is from Greek sources, whereas Indian sources do not mention him.
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